Journal of Veterinary Science & Medicine
Review Article
Alighting Dipterous Insects on Cattle are Associated to Contaminative Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease During Epidemics in Ngaoundere- Cameroon
Sevidzem Silas Lendzele1,2*, Jacques François Mavoungou2,3, Zinga-Koumba Roland Christophe2,3, M’batchi Betrand4
1Ecole Doctorale des Grandes Ecoles (EDGE) de Libreville,
Gabon.
2Laboratoire d’Ecologie Vectorielle (LEV-IRET), BP: 13354,
Libreville, Gabon.
3Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET-CENAREST),
BP:13354, Libreville, Gabon.
4Laboratoire de Physiologie végétale et Phyto-alicaments; Unité de recherche Agrobiologie, Université des Sciences et Techniques de
Masuku (USTM); Franceville, Gabon.
*Address for Correspondence: Sevidzem Silas Lendzele, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Vectorielle (LEV-IRET), BP: 13354, Libreville, Gabon; E-mail: sevidzem.lendze@gmail.com
Submission: 16-August-2019;
Accepted: 21-September-2019;
Published: 23-September-2019
Copyright: © 2019 Lendzele SS, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
This study was designed to identify the landing preference sites of
common hematophagous symbovine Dipterans and relate it to the FMD
shedding sites. Three sets of zebu Goudali (from the DFG-COBE project
herd) of different colors (black, brown and white) of same ages were
restrained to sticks. Observations were made in October/November 2016
(seven days consecutively) and January 2017 (7days consecutively).
Data from literature on FMDV infectious doses (TCID50/ml) shedding
areas in clinical cases was used to map such sites on cattle and associate
it to the landing predilection sites of hematophagous dipterous insects.
The total number of observed biting insects on cattle was 26779 and
the following fly-groups were identified in order of magnitude: Stomoxys
(17453), culicids (8925), Simulium (293), Chrysops (74) and Tabanus (34).
Chrysops preferred biting front legs. Culicids preferred biting around legs
and neck. Tabanus preferred biting around head and legs. Stomoxys
preferred biting around neck and legs. The neck and legs were body
parts with the highest insect-vector frequency. The alighting predilection
of each insect-group differed statistically (P<0.05). From the association
test, an important number of each insect group was associated to at
least one of the FMD contamination spots on cattle, but Stomoxys and
culicids had a higher propensity of being contaminated as compared
to others based on their high landing numbers on the exposed animals.