Journal of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology
Research Article
Aticaprant (Clinically Developed Kappa-Opioid Receptor Antagonist) Combined With Naltrexone Prevents Alcohol “Relapse” Drinking
Zhou Y*, Zhou DC and Kreek MJ
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller
University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
Address for Correspondence;
Zhou Y, Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The
Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY
10065, USA; Phone (212) 327 7228 / Fax: (212) 327-8574;
E-mail: zhouya@rockefeller.edu
Submission: 11 April 2022
Accepted: 11 May 2022
Published: 16 May 2022
Copyright: © 2022 Zhou Y, et al. This is an open access article
distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Alcohol relapse is the treatment target for medications
development for alcohol dependence. Aticaprant, a selective and
short-acting kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist, has recently
been under development for new clinical implications (depression or
anhedonia). Recent studies have also found that aticaprant reduces
alcohol intake and prevents stress- triggered alcohol seeking in rodents
via a KOR-mediated mechanism. Here, we further investigated
whether aticaprant alone or in combination with naltrexone (muopioid
receptor [MOR] antagonist) altered alcohol relapse-like drinking
using a mouse alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) paradigm to mimic
the relapse episodes in human alcoholics. A long-acting and selective
KOR antagonist nor-BNI was used as a reference compound for the
effects of the KOR antagonism on the ADE. After 3-week intermittentaccess
alcohol drinking (two-bottle choice, 24-h access every other
day), male and female mice displayed excessive alcohol intake and
then pronounced ADE after 1-week abstinence. Aticaprant alone
decreased alcohol ADE in a dose- dependent manner (1-3 mg/kg) in
both males and females. Aticaprant at a lower dose (0.3 mg/kg) than
the effective one (3 mg/kg) combined with a low dose of naltrexone
(1 mg/kg) reduced the ADE in both sexes, and the combination was
effective after a multi-dosing regimen (5 daily injections during the
abstinence) without development of tolerance, suggesting synergistic
effects of the combination. In contrast, nor-BNI alone or with naltrexone
had no effect on the ADE in either sex. Our present study suggests that
a combination of clinically developed, short-acting KOR antagonist
aticaprant with low-dose naltrexone has therapeutic potential in
alcohol “relapse” treatment.