Journal of Oral Biology

Research Article

Clinical Oral Findings and Salivary Analysis of Patients with and Without Diabetes Mellitus

Oyetola EO1*, Abimbola TA1, Adesina OM2, Egunjobi SM2, Adebayo OF1 and Afolabi OT3

1Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
2Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
3Department of Child Dental Healthy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
*Address for Correspondence: Oyetola EO, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; E-mail: phemyhoye12@yahoo.com
Submission: 04 November 2019 Accepted: 02 December 2019 Published: 12 December 2019
Copyright: © 2019 Oyetola EO, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Aims: To compare clinical oral findings and salivary changes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Material and methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Endocrinology Clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile Ife (Cases), the controls were volunteers among staffs and students of the hospital community. Participants were interviewed and examined. Saliva was collected using spitting method and salivary flow rate was determined using volumetric method. Salivary PH, Urea, Creatinine and glucose concentration was determined using Randox BT29 4QY kit.
Results: Total of 100 diabetics and 100 non-diabetics, mean age 54.81+12.23 yr, participated. History of toothache and gum bleeding was significantly more frequent among diabetic subjects, p=0.001 and 0.001 respectively. Salivary flow rate is significantly lower among diabetics 0.32+0.13 ml/min), flow rate was also lower among female. Salivary glucose, urea and creatinine were significantly higher among diabetics while their urine is more acidic. Older age group showed higher concentration of salivary glucose, urea, creatinine, and reduced pH than in younger population. Data analysis was done using STATA 13 statistical software. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare continuous variables between diabetics and non diabetes.
Conclusion: Oral problems and saliva alterations are significantly higher among diabetics especially among male participants of older age groups.
Clinical significance: The significant association between prevalence of oral lesions among diabetes as well as significant qualitative changes in saliva of diabetes is a potential noninvasive tool of monitoring diabetes and could enhance the multidisciplinary management approach in its management.