The military service places high demands on mental and physical health. Mental disorders are among the most frequent causes of unfitness for military service. A brief case series from Russia on malingering and aggravation to avoid military service is presented here along with an overview of literature. The following aspects are pointed out: malingering and aggravation may entail unnecessary treatment and misuse of certain drugs for recreational purposes. Psychiatric diagnosis as a reason for exemption from military service depends in some cases on the social status of the patient. There are various positions in the modern army, where citizens with moderate mental deviations can serve. It can be assumed that individuals with substance abuse or certain personality disorders could be favorably influenced by the military ambiance. Another topic tackled here is the growing influence of the military in Russia, autocratic or military managerial style that is unfavorable especially for the healthcare, science and education.