Bariatric surgery (weight loss surgery) includes a variety of procedures performed on people who have obesity. Bariatric surgical procedures cause weight loss by restricting the amount of food the stomach can hold, causing malabsorption of nutrients, or by a combination of both gastric restriction and malabsorption.
The most common bariatric surgery procedures are gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, adjustable gastric band, Vertical banded gastroplasty, Intragastric balloon and Gastric placation.
Bariatric surgery may be performed through “open” approaches, which involve cutting the stomach in the standard manner, or by laparoscopy. With the latter approach, surgeons insert complex instruments through 1/2-inch cuts and guide a small camera that sends images to a monitor. Most bariatric surgery today is laparoscopic because it requires a smaller cut, creates less tissue damage, leads to earlier hospital discharges, and has fewer problems, especially hernias occurring after surgery.
It may be an option if you cannot lose weight through diet and exercise or have serious health problems caused by obesity.
There are also mixed procedures which apply both techniques simultaneously like Gastric bypass surgery, Sleeve gastrectomy with duodenal switch, Implantable gastric stimulation.
After bariatric surgery, the patient is restricted to a clear liquid diet, which includes foods such as clear broth, diluted fruit juices or sugar-free drinks and gelatin desserts.
Some Effectiveness of Bariatric surgery are Weight loss, Reduced mortality and morbidity and Psychiatric/Psychological.
The costs of bariatric surgery depend on the type of procedure performed. The four established procedure types, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, gastric banding, vertical sleeve gastrectomy (gastric sleeve) and duodenal switch, carry an average cost in the United States of $24,000, $15,000, $19,000 and $27,000, respectively.
Complications from weight loss surgery are frequent. Common problems were gastric dumping syndrome in about 20%, leaks at the surgical site, incisional hernia, infections and pneumonia.
As childhood obesity has more than doubled over recent years and more than tripled in adolescents (according to the CDC), bariatric surgery for youth has become increasingly common.