A significant part of modern-day scientific studies is dedicated to the pursuit of genetic variations that can be used to detect the ailments. These variants are not always the cause of the illness, but markers can assists in enhancing the chances in diagnosis and risk evaluation. The expression level of certain genes may additionally symbolize a disease state. If these genes are constantly over expressed or suppressed in a certain clinical context, in addition they may be taken into consideration as “Biomarkers”.
Few strategies are used to Ensue the genetic markers: researchers carry a candidate gene research (which aims on single genes) or genomic research (in which, whole genome is examined). In which some diseases are polygenic (caused by involvement of many genes) some are monogenic (ie, caused by defects in one gene). Mutations can be evaluated through patient genotyping, and the expression of single genes can be evaluated with the use of Northern blot or (RT-PCR) techniques.
Despite of all, for more common diseases, it has been very difficult to recognize genetic markers, because maximum common diseases are polygenic. This genetic “interlinking network” of multiple genes may be very huge and results in complicated ways to induce a disease condition. Further, these conditions are interacted with genetic, environmental, and physiological factors, making it difficult for researchers to limit their cognizance to a single gene. This is especially authentic for many disorders.
At present the discovery of protein bio markers is eased with the sophisticated technology like Positron Emission Technological Studies and medical imaging with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tools, which in turn providing number of ways in diagnosing and assessment of disease and its chronological advancements towards the respective complications. And with the Advancements of high throughput techniques like Maldi MS-MS and Micro Array analysis the future of proteomic study is very hopeful in getting the results of disease inter related genes and proteins which acts as biomarkers and can be assessed to proceed with the diagnosis and research, hence these new genomics and proteomics platforms will be very helpful in the Identification of many disease conditions and shall be useful in giving the better treatment in future.