Hepatitis B is a serious disease caused by a virus which attacks the liver. And the virus, which is called hepatitis B virus (HBV), can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis of the liver, liver failure, liver cancer, and sometimes even death. The best way to prevent hepatitis B is by getting the hepatitis B vaccine. In 1981, The first hepatitis B vaccine was approved in the United States. And In 1986, the safer version came to market. This includes those with poor immune function such as those born premature and from HIV/AIDS.
This safe and effective vaccine is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years.
The vaccine contains one of the viral envelope proteins, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). It is now produced by yeast cells, in which the genetic code for HBsAg has been inserted. Afterward an immune system antibody to HBsAg is established in the bloodstream. The antibody is known as anti-HBs. This antibody and immune system memory then provide immunity to fight against HBV infection.
The Hepatitis B vaccine is considered as one of the safest and most effective vaccines. Common side effects include soreness, swelling and redness at the injection site.
HB infection will leads to loss of appetite, tiredness, pain in muscles, joints, and stomach, diarrhea and vomiting, jaundice (yellow skin or eyes).
The CDC recommends that infants get their first Hepatitis B vaccine at birth in the hospital, and then get the other 2 injections in the series by 6-18 months of age. Adults getting vaccine should get 3 doses, with the second dose given 4 weeks after the first and the third dose 5 months after the second.
The hepatitis B vaccine is very safe. Other than some redness and soreness at the site of the injection, side effects are rare. It is an inactivated (killed) vaccine, so it cannot cause the disease itself.